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1. Significant enhancements of secondary cosmic rays and electric field at the high mountain peak of Lomnicky Stit in High Tatras during thunderstorms

Abstract: High electric fields that occur in thunderstorm clouds in the Earth's atmosphere might accelerate energetic charged particles produced by cosnic rays...

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2. Lightning Discharges, Cosmic Rays and Climate

Authors: Sanjay Kumar¹, Devendraa Siingh², R. P. Singh¹, A. K. Singh¹, A. K. Kamra²

Abstract: The entirety of the Earth’s climate system is continuously bombarded by cosmic rays and exhibits about 2000 thunderstorms active at any time of the day all over the globe. Any linkage among these vast systems should have global consequences. Numerous studies done in the past deal with partial links between some selected aspects of this grand...

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3. The prolonged gamma ray enhancement and the short radiation burst events observed in thunderstorms at Tien Shan

Authors: A. Shepetov^a , V. Antonova^b , O. Kalikulov^c , O. Kryakunova^b , A Karashtin^d , V. Lutsenko^b , S. Mamina^a , K. Mukashev^c , V. Piscal^a , M. Ptitsyn^a , V. Ryabov^a , N. Saduev^c , T. Sadykov^e , N. Salikhov^b , Yu. Shlyugaev^f , L. Vil’danova^a , V. Zhukov^a

Abstract: We report the observation results of the hard radiation flashes which accompanied the lightning discharges above the mountains of Northern Tien Shan. Time series of the counting rate intensity, numerical estimations of absolute flux, and energy distribution of accelerated electrons and of (20–2000) keV gamma rays were obtained at the height of 3700 m a. s. l., immediately within thunderclouds, and in closest vicinity (.100 m) to discharge region. Two different kinds of radiation emission events are presented here: a relatively prolonged rise of gamma ray intensity with minute-scale duration (the thunderstorm ground enhancement, TGE) which has preceded a negative field variation, and a short sub-millisecond radiation burst, which accompanied a close lightning discharge in thundercloud...

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4. Lightning Mapping: Techniques, Challanges, and Opportunities 

Authors:  Ammar Alammari^1,2, Ammar Ahmed Alkahtani¹, Member, IEEE, Mohd Riduan Ahmad, Fuad M. Noman¹, Member, IEEE, Mona Riza Mohd Esa³, Zen Kawasaki ⁴ and Sieh Kiong Tiong¹

Abstract: Despite the significant progress in the underestanding of the phenomenon of lightning and the physics behind it, locating and mapping its occurence remain a challange. Such localization and mapping of very high frequency (VHF) lightning radiation sources provide a foundation for the subsequent research on predicting lightning, saving lives, and protecting valuable assets...

Authors: S.F. Gurmani ^a,*, N. Ahmad ^a, J. Tacza ^b, T. Hussain ^c, S. Shafaq ^c, T. Iqbal ^a 

Abstract: Daily variations of the Atmospheric Electric Field (AEF) allow to observe separately the atmospheric electricity due to global and local factors. Observations of the AEF are made for three different sites of Pakistan during fair weather conditions. These three sites are Islamabad (ISB), Muzaffarabad (MZF) and Balakot (BKT). Analyses of the diurnal variations of the atmospheric electric field for these sites are discussed in this paper with respect to annual and seasonal behavior. Muzaffarabad and Balakot sites show two daily maxima and Islamabad site shows

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Автор: Г. С. Бордонский

Аннотация: В работе анализируются ранее выполненные измерения резкого возрастания интенсивности излучения атмосферы на длинах волн 8.5 мм, 3.3 мм и 8–12 мкм во время магнитной бури 14 декабря 2006 г. Измерения были выполнены в г. Чита, когда событие совпало с приходом атмосферного фронта, вызвавшего похолодание воздуха. Рассматриваются причины явления, одна из которых связывается с генерацией электронов космическими лучами и их последующим

ускорением в электрических полях атмосферы...

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7. Estimation of number of runaway electrons per avalanche in Earth’s atmosphere

Authors: T. Khamitov^{1,2 (a)}, A. Nozik^{1,2 (b)}, E. Stadnichuk^{1,2 (c)}, E. Svechnikova^{3 (d)} and M. Zelenyi^{1,2 (e)}

Abstract: The connection between thunderstorms and relativistic runaway electron avalanches is an important topic that has attracted the attention of many researchers. Among other things, there are a lot of various simulations of the dynamics of electron avalanches. This article was written mostly in response to the article ”The critical avalanche of runaway electrons” by Evgeny Oreshkin et al, which shows rather large numbers for an estimate of the number of runaway electrons, but it also contains the results of our own simulation and comparison with other papers...

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